EFEKTIVITAS STIMULASI OROMOTORIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MAKAN DAN STATUS GIZI ANAK: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS

Abstract

Abstract. This systematic literature review examines the effectiveness of oral motor stimulation in improving feeding skills and nutritional status among infants and young children. Seven eligible studies published between 2014 and 2024 were analyzed, including randomized controlled trials and cohort studies with a total sample exceeding 6,000 participants. Results consistently demonstrated that structured oral motor interventions, such as the Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) and Oral Motor Facilitation Technique (OMFT), significantly enhanced oral motor coordination, feeding readiness, and chewing–swallowing efficiency (p<0.001). The interventions reduced transition time to full oral feeding by an average of 2.6 days and improved Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) scores. Long-term effects were observed in improved anthropometric indices, including weight-for-age and height-for-age Z-scores (+0.21–0.32 SD; p<0.05). Integrating oral motor stimulation with responsive feeding and nutritional education further strengthened cognitive and language outcomes in early childhood. The overall probability of intervention success ranged from 85–95%, with large effect sizes (Cohen’s d≈2.8). These findings confirm that oral motor stimulation is a physiologically grounded, safe, and scalable approach that should be incorporated into stunting prevention and pediatric feeding management programs to achieve sustainable improvements in child growth and development.