Eksplorasi Kebutuhan Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe-2 terhadap Kemandirian dan Media Informasi untuk Pengembangan Model Edukasi Informasi Berbasis Android

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase globally and poses a major challenge for healthcare systems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2024), the number of people living with diabetes worldwide is projected to reach 580 million by 2030, while the International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2023) reports that Indonesia ranks fifth globally with approximately 19.5 million people with diabetes, expected to increase to 28.6 million by 2045. This condition requires innovative and sustainable health education approaches to improve patient self-management. One potential innovation is the use of Android-based educational media as a digital tool to support self-care management among T2DM patients. Objective this study aimed to explore the experiences, needs, and expectations of patients with T2DM, their families, and healthcare professionals toward the development of Android-based educational media to enhance patient self-care independence. Methods: This research employed a qualitative exploratory approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Participants consisted of ten T2DM patients, two family member, and two healthcare professionals (nurse practitioners and ward heads) from KRMT Wongsonegoro Regional General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and document reviews. Data trustworthiness was ensured using source and time triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing. Thematic analysis followed the six-step framework proposed. The study was conducted from September to October 2025. Results: The analysis revealed ten main themes: (1) perceptions of the disease and early diagnosis experience, (2) need for diabetes information and education, (3) family involvement in patient care, (4) barriers to technology use, (5) preferred forms of educational media, (6) psychological factors and medication adherence, (7) expectations of Android-based educational media, (8) the need for continuous education at home, (9) patients’ socio economic context, and (10) healthcare professionals’ support for digital innovation. The findings indicate that patients expect educational media that are simple, practical, visual audio-based, and supported by family and healthcare providers to improve their self-care behavior. Conclusion: Android-based educational media have strong potential as an effective tool to promote self-care independence among T2DM patients, enhance health literacy, motivation, and ensure continuous education between hospitals and home care. Nurses play a strategic role as digital educators and facilitators of patient self-care, applying Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory within the framework of digital health transformation. Further development of Android-based educational models derived from these thematic findings is recommended for broader implementation in hospital and community nursing settings.