PREVALENSI DAN DETERMINAN ANEMIA IBU HAMIL DALAM PERSPEKTIF WILAYAH ADMINISTRATIF

Abstract

Anemia in pregnant women remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia, with a fairly high prevalence and disparities between urban and rural areas. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia and its determinants, such as age, education, occupation, and parity, among pregnant women in urban and rural areas in Lamongan District. The study used an analytical cross-sectional observational design with a sample of 77 pregnant women who underwent antenatal care (ANC) at the Lamongan and Pucuk Community Health Centers. Data were collected through observation sheets and analyzed bivariately using the chi-square test. The results showed that the prevalence of anemia in rural areas reached 55%, much higher than in urban areas, which was only 2.7%. Education was significantly associated with the incidence of anemia in rural areas (p = 0.005), while other factors did not show a significant association in either area. The average hemoglobin level in the city was 12 g/dL (normal), while in the village it was 10.7 g/dL (lower). It was concluded that anemia in pregnant women was more prevalent in rural areas, with the main determinants being education level and limited access to health services. Region-based interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence of anemia, focusing on nutrition education, iron supplementation, counseling, and improved ANC services.