MERANCANG PENDIDIKAN SEKSUAL YANG EFEKTIF : SEBUAH SYISTEMATIC REVIEW STUDI INTERVENSI DI BERBAGAI NEGARA

Abstract

Background: Sex education plays an essential role in improving adolescent reproductive health and preventing early pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and child marriage. Its effectiveness is strongly influenced by social and cultural contexts as well as implementation approaches. Therefore, it is important to identify key elements of successful interventions across various countries to design more effective, contextual, and responsive sex education programs that meet adolescents’ needs. Methods: This study employed a systematic review method to evaluate the effectiveness of sex education interventions among adolescents. Literature was collected from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar databases. From 2,140 articles initially identified, 485 duplicates were removed. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 20 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed based on study location, target population, intervention approach, duration, as well as program outcomes and impacts. Results: Effective sex education programs generally applied a structured, school-based, and participatory approach involving parents and community members. Program success was also influenced by adequate facilitator training and the integration of local cultural values into the curriculum. Conclusion: Effective sex education should be school-based, participatory, evidence-based, and culturally contextualized to enhance adolescents’ knowledge, positive attitudes, and healthy sexual behaviors.