Teamwork Makes Dream Work: Exploring the Impact of TGT on EFL Vocabulary Learning

Abstract

This chapter reports a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the implementation of the Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model for enhancing vocabulary acquisition among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Following the PRISMA framework, 35 empirical studies published between 2020 and 2025 were systematically identified, screened, and synthesized across varied educational levels and contexts. The review explores three key areas: (1) TGT’s effectiveness in improving vocabulary mastery; (2) its role in fostering learner motivation and engagement; and (3) challenges in implementation. Findings indicate that the Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT) effectively combines structured teamwork with competitive academic games, promoting active participation, peer interaction, and long-term vocabulary retention. Additional benefits include increased learner confidence and classroom involvement. However, recurring challenges such as uneven participation, time limitations, classroom management difficulties, and competition fatigue were noted. Suggested strategies include balanced role distribution, supportive media integration, and real-life vocabulary contextualization. By consolidating recent empirical evidence, this chapter provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for educators and researchers interested in adopting the Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT) as an engaging and effective approach to vocabulary instruction in EFL contexts.